Ukraine used open-source ArduPilot software in drone strike on Russian bombers
Ukraine's Security Services used the open-source ArduPilot drone autopilot software to conduct Operation Spider Web, a coordinated attack that reportedly destroyed over a third of Russia's strategic long-range bombers at air bases in Belaya, Olenya, and Ivanovo. The operation occurred on Sunday, June 1 or 2, 2025, and was reportedly planned for over a year.
What happened
Ukraine's Security Services (SBU) carried out Operation Spider Web, a coordinated drone attack on Sunday afternoon targeting Russian air bases at Belaya, Olenya, and Ivanovo. The operation used ArduPilot, a nearly 20-year-old open-source autopilot software originally developed for hobbyist drones.
The attack destroyed over a third of Russia's strategic long-range bombers. ArduPilot was launched in 2007 by Chris Anderson, former editor-in-chief of WIRED, and was later refined by Jordi Munoz and Jason Short.
Reported impact
The coordinated drone assault destroyed over a third of Russia's strategic long-range bombers situated at air bases deep within Russian territory and hundreds of miles from the frontlines.
Index analysis
ArduPilot is open-source software designed for peaceful purposes including search and rescue, agricultural use, and 3D mapping. The project's website states its mission is to build tools 'for the peaceful benefit of all' and includes a pledge not to knowingly support weaponisation.
Being open source, ArduPilot can be freely modified. The software allows drone pilots to set GPS-guided waypoints, automate take-off and landing, and maintain craft stability in the air.
Governance controls
ArduPilot is maintained by a global community. The project emphasises ethical development, though as open-source software it cannot control how users modify or deploy it.
Classification
Sources and evidence
This record was researched and written by the Index, based on the following original reporting.