Spanish Ombudsman Investigates Harmful AI-Driven Social Media Content Affecting Minors
Spain's Ombudsman opened an investigation in May 2026 after a minor using X received algorithmic recommendations for harmful content related to self-injury. When the parent reported the situation to X, the platform determined its policies were not violated. The Ombudsman is now investigating what preventive measures government administrations have in place to protect minors from algorithmically-amplified harmful content on social media.
What happened
The Spanish Ombudsman (Defensor del Pueblo) Ángel Gabilondo opened an investigation on 21 May 2026 following a complaint from the father of a minor who was receiving harmful content on X (formerly Twitter).
The minor, a user of X, was self-harming and showed suicidal tendencies. When the father reported the situation to X, the company determined the content complied with its policies.
Reported impact
The Ombudsman stated that minors exposed to harmful content on social media as a consequence of platform use may be induced to run risks to their physical integrity and even their lives.
The investigation noted that while minors voluntarily access these platforms and may seek certain content or join groups sharing dangerous practices, the algorithm subsequently detects this behaviour and automatically provides harmful information.
Index analysis
The Ombudsman's office considers the reported facts could constitute criminal offences under articles 143 bis and 156 ter of the Spanish Penal Code.
The Ombudsman identified that platform algorithms play a role in delivering harmful content to minors, and questioned whether administrations are taking adequate preventive measures against such consequences.
Governance controls
The Ombudsman requested information from the State Secretariat for Telecommunications and Digital Infrastructure on measures to prevent negative consequences from social media platforms in situations of extreme danger and risk to life.
The Ombudsman also requested the Ministry of Health's Mental Health Commissioner to provide information on whether there are contact channels for minors or their families to receive support.
Classification
Sources and evidence
This record was researched and written by the Index, based on the following original reporting.