NAACP demands shutdown of xAI Memphis data center over permit and pollution violations
The NAACP sent a letter to Memphis officials demanding closure of Elon Musk's xAI Colossus supercomputer facility in South Memphis, alleging it has operated up to 35 gas turbines without proper permits for over a year in violation of clean air laws. The NAACP claims the unpermitted turbines emit up to 2,000 tons of nitrogen oxide annually in a historically Black neighborhood with cancer risks four times the national average, and that officials prioritize billionaires over residents.
What happened
The NAACP sent a letter dated May 29, 2025 to Memphis Light Gas and Water and the Shelby County Health Department demanding closure of xAI's Colossus supercomputer facility in South Memphis.
The NAACP alleges that xAI has operated up to 35 gas turbines without proper permits for over a year, in violation of clean air laws and the Clean Air Act's 'New Source Review' rule.
The NAACP claims xAI deliberately split the turbines into smaller groups to sidestep legal requirements and that the facility emits up to 2,000 tons of nitrogen oxide per year.
Reported impact
The NAACP states the turbines emit excessive hazardous pollutants in a historically Black neighborhood in South Memphis already dealing with cancer risks four times the national average.
The NAACP alleges that Memphis Light Gas and Water and the Shelby County Health Department have ignored public concerns and prioritized billionaires over residents and taxpayers.
Index analysis
The NAACP claims xAI's decision to locate the facility in Boxtown, a historically Black community, perpetuates a trend of industries adding pollution to communities that do not cause the problem.
City officials previously stated permits were not required for the turbines' first year of operation, while environmental groups including the Southern Environmental Law Center argue the Clean Air Act applies to the project.
Governance controls
xAI stated its operations comply with all applicable laws and that it works collaboratively with county and city officials, EPA personnel and community leaders.
xAI has reportedly applied for permits for 15 permanent turbines, stating they will include pollution controls and serve only as backup power once other energy sources become available.
Classification
Sources and evidence
This record was researched and written by the Index, based on the following original reporting.