Dutch military intelligence warns Russia uses AI for cyberattacks on Europe
Dutch military intelligence reported that Russia increasingly uses AI to automate and accelerate cyberattacks against European targets. The report highlights concerns about a new AI model called Mythos, developed by Anthropic, which can find and exploit software vulnerabilities and poses risks if widely distributed to malicious actors.
What happened
Dutch military intelligence reported in its 2025 annual report that Russia increasingly uses artificial intelligence to automate and accelerate cyberattacks against Europe.
The threat is compounded by the emergence of a new powerful AI model called Mythos, developed by Anthropic, which is believed to exceed humans in finding and exploiting software vulnerabilities. Access is currently limited to a small group of technology companies and unnamed organizations while security risks are being assessed.
Reported impact
According to the Dutch Military Intelligence and Security Service (MIVD), Russian hackers can execute cyberattacks at a high tempo, partly because they can partially automate attacks including through the use of artificial intelligence.
AI enables attackers to conduct attacks faster and at larger scale, compressing hours of manual work into seconds and enabling more simultaneous attacks against multiple targets. Generative AI also enables highly convincing phishing emails, voice cloning and deepfake videos that can bypass security checks relying on human intuition.
Index analysis
If widely distributed, Mythos could give malicious hackers unprecedented ability to breach critical IT infrastructure. The warning comes at a particularly tense moment for the cybersecurity community, with experts concerned about the potential misuse of the model.
Governance controls
Anthropic currently restricts access to Mythos to a limited group of technology companies and unnamed organizations while security risks are being evaluated.
Classification
Sources and evidence
This record was researched and written by the Index, based on the following original reporting.